Introduction to Onion & Garlic Export from India
India is among the world’s largest producers and exporters of onions and garlic, supplying millions of tons every year to markets around the globe. These two essential kitchen ingredients are in constant demand — especially across the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, where Indian produce enjoys high trust and preference due to its strong flavor, freshness, and affordability.
Exporting onions and garlic from India is not just an agricultural opportunity — it’s a highly profitable business that supports thousands of farmers and traders. Whether you’re a new entrepreneur or an established trader, understanding the legal, logistical, and market processes can make your export journey smoother and more rewarding.
Understanding the Market Demand in Gulf Countries
The Gulf region — including UAE, Saudi Arabia, Oman, Qatar, Kuwait, and Bahrain — relies heavily on imported agricultural produce. With limited arable land and high per capita consumption, these countries import over 80% of their food.
Indian onions, particularly the Nashik red onions, and garlic varieties from Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat, dominate the Gulf market due to their robust taste and competitive pricing. For example, the UAE alone imports over 500,000 metric tons of Indian onions annually, primarily through Dubai’s Jebel Ali Port.
Why Gulf Countries Prefer Indian Onions and Garlic
- Superior Quality: Indian produce has a naturally pungent flavor, ideal for Middle Eastern cuisines.
- Competitive Pricing: Lower cultivation and labor costs make exports from India cost-effective.
- Long Shelf Life: Properly cured onions and garlic can last for months, even in hot climates.
- Strong Trade Relations: India’s longstanding trade ties with GCC nations ensure smooth transactions and reliable logistics routes.
Legal Requirements for Exporting Onions & Garlic from India
Before starting the export process, it’s essential to meet all legal and documentation requirements set by the Indian government.
Obtaining an Importer-Exporter Code (IEC)
Issued by the Directorate General of Foreign Trade (DGFT), the IEC is your business’s unique export license.
Steps:
- Visit the DGFT website (https://www.dgft.gov.in).
- Fill out the IEC application (ANF 2A form).
- Upload business documents (PAN, address proof, bank details).
- Pay the ₹500 application fee.
- Receive the IEC within 1–2 working days.
APEDA Registration (Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority)
Registering with APEDA allows you to export perishable goods legally. You also gain access to export subsidies, training programs, and buyer databases.
Registration link: https://apeda.gov.in
FSSAI & Phytosanitary Certificates
To ensure food safety, you must obtain:
- FSSAI license for food-grade exports.
- Phytosanitary certificate from your local agricultural office, confirming the produce is pest-free.
Selecting the Right Onion and Garlic Varieties for Export
Choosing the right variety is crucial for maintaining quality and meeting Gulf buyers’ expectations.
| Produce | Popular Varieties | Export States |
| Onion | Nashik Red, Bellary Red, Agrifound Dark Red | Maharashtra, Gujarat, Karnataka |
| Garlic | Agrifound White, Yamuna Safed-2, G-282 | Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Gujarat |
Post-Harvest Processing & Grading
After harvest, onions and garlic must be:
- Cleaned and dried under shade to reduce moisture.
- Sorted and graded by size, shape, and color.
- Packed in ventilated mesh bags for airflow and preservation.
Proper grading enhances shelf life and prevents spoilage during transit.
Packaging & Labeling Requirements for Gulf Markets
Export packaging must meet international standards and local labeling laws.
Packaging Tips:
- Use 25kg or 50kg mesh/jute bags for ventilation.
- Print labels in English and Arabic, showing product name, origin, and net weight.
- Include batch number and exporter contact for traceability.
Shelf Life & Temperature Control
Onions and garlic should be stored between 0–4°C for optimal freshness. Cold chain management ensures the produce remains in top condition throughout shipping.
Logistics & Shipping Process
Exports to Gulf countries are typically handled by sea freight, as it’s cost-effective and suitable for bulk loads.
Popular export ports:
- JNPT (Mumbai)
- Mundra (Gujarat)
- Chennai Port (Tamil Nadu)
Key Shipping Documents Required
- Commercial Invoice
- Packing List
- Bill of Lading or Airway Bill
- Certificate of Origin
- Phytosanitary Certificate
- FSSAI Certificate
- Insurance Certificate
Customs Clearance and Export Procedures
Clearing customs is a critical step in exporting onions and garlic from India to Gulf countries. Without proper documentation and compliance, your shipment could be delayed or even rejected.
Indian Customs Clearance Process
- File Shipping Bill: Submit the export shipping bill through ICEGATE (Indian Customs EDI Gateway).
- Inspection by Customs Officer: Produce invoices, packing lists, and product samples if required.
- Obtain Let Export Order (LEO): Once approved, this document allows goods to leave Indian territory.
- Port Handover: After customs clearance, goods are handed over to the port authority for loading.
Dealing with Gulf Import Authorities
Every GCC country has its own food import regulations. You must ensure your consignment complies with the standards set by local authorities.
| Country | Import Authority | Special Requirements |
| UAE | Dubai Municipality | Labeling in Arabic, shelf life declaration |
| Saudi Arabia | SFDA (Saudi Food & Drug Authority) | FSSAI equivalent registration |
| Qatar | Ministry of Public Health | Certificate of Origin & quality report |
| Oman | Ministry of Agriculture & Fisheries | Pest-free certificate mandatory |
| Kuwait | Public Authority for Food and Nutrition | Conformity certificate for packaging |
Maintaining consistent quality and transparent paperwork ensures smooth clearance at the destination port.
Finding Reliable Buyers in Gulf Countries
Securing buyers is often the most challenging yet rewarding part of the export journey. Fortunately, multiple online and offline methods can connect you with genuine importers.
1. B2B Portals and Marketplaces
- TradeIndia
- Alibaba
- IndiaMART
- GulfTradePortal
- ExportersIndia
Create a verified seller profile with product images, price lists, and certifications to attract inquiries.
2. Participating in Trade Fairs & Exhibitions
Attend international food expos like Gulfood (Dubai), Saudi AgroFood (Riyadh), and AgraME (Abu Dhabi).
These events help you showcase products, meet importers face-to-face, and negotiate export deals directly.
3. Digital Marketing and Branding
Leverage digital platforms to build your export brand:
- Create a professional website with multilingual support (English & Arabic).
- Use LinkedIn and Instagram for B2B networking.
- Run Google Ads targeting Gulf countries with keywords like “Indian onion suppliers in Dubai.”
Export Pricing and Payment Terms
Determining the right price is crucial to stay competitive and profitable.
Pricing Models
- FOB (Free on Board): Buyer handles shipping and insurance.
- CIF (Cost, Insurance, Freight): Exporter bears full logistics cost up to the destination port.
Common Payment Methods
- Letter of Credit (LC): Safest method, ensures payment once goods are shipped.
- Advance Payment: Used for small orders or trusted buyers.
- DA/DP Terms (Documents Against Acceptance/Payment): Moderate-risk option for experienced exporters.
Pro Tip: Always verify the buyer’s credibility through chamber of commerce records or export promotion councils before shipment.
Challenges in Onion & Garlic Export Business
While profitable, this business does have its challenges.
1. Price Fluctuations
Government-imposed bans or domestic shortages can impact export volumes.
2. Climatic Impact
Heavy rains or droughts affect harvest quality and availability.
3. Logistics Delays
Congested ports or shipping disruptions can delay deliveries.
4. Documentation Errors
Incorrect labeling or missing certificates often lead to customs rejections.
Tips to Overcome Common Export Challenges
- Always maintain buffer inventory during peak seasons.
- Stay updated with APEDA export advisories and policy changes.
- Diversify buyers across multiple Gulf nations.
- Partner with freight forwarders specializing in agri exports.
Profit Margin and Return on Investment (ROI)
Let’s break down a simplified cost-profit structure for onion and garlic exports:
| Expense Category | Approx. Cost (per ton) | Notes |
| Purchase & Grading | ₹15,000 | Varies by variety and region |
| Packaging & Transport | ₹3,000 | Includes local logistics |
| Port & Documentation | ₹2,000 | Customs and port fees |
| Freight (Sea Cargo) | ₹5,000 | For Gulf destinations |
| Total Cost | ₹25,000/ton | — |
| Average Selling Price | ₹32,000–₹35,000/ton | Based on CIF terms |
| Net Profit | ₹7,000–₹10,000/ton | 25–30% margin possible |
With consistent exports, a small trader can achieve monthly profits of ₹2–3 lakhs and scale up quickly.
Future Opportunities and Government Support
The Indian government has been actively encouraging agricultural exports through:
- APEDA subsidies for pack houses and cold chains.
- MEIS & RoDTEP schemes offering duty credits.
- Agri export zones for onions in Maharashtra and garlic in Madhya Pradesh.
As trade between India and Gulf nations continues to grow under initiatives like India–UAE CEPA, exporters can expect reduced tariffs, better logistics, and smoother documentation.
FAQs on How to Export Onions & Garlic from India to Gulf Countries
1. Do I need any special license to export onions and garlic?
Yes, you need an IEC from DGFT, APEDA registration, and an FSSAI license before exporting.
2. Can I export onions during an export ban?
No. Onion exports are occasionally restricted to control domestic prices. Check DGFT notifications regularly.
3. What is the best season to export onions and garlic?
Onions: November–March; Garlic: December–April — during peak harvest and stable prices.
4. Which Gulf country imports the most Indian onions?
The UAE is the largest importer, followed by Saudi Arabia and Qatar.
5. How long does sea shipping take to Gulf countries?
Typically 5–10 days, depending on the port and carrier.
6. How can I find genuine buyers in the Gulf region?
Use verified B2B portals, attend Gulfood Expo, and connect via LinkedIn with import companies.
Conclusion
Exporting onions and garlic from India to Gulf countries presents a high-demand, high-reward opportunity for agricultural entrepreneurs. With India’s abundant production, favorable trade policies, and trusted reputation in GCC markets, this sector holds immense growth potential.
Success in this business depends on quality consistency, compliance, and strong buyer relationships. By following this step-by-step guide — from obtaining licenses to mastering logistics — you can confidently start your journey as a successful agri exporter.
