Introduction to the Indian Pulses Export Market
India stands as the world’s largest producer and consumer of pulses — including lentils, chickpeas, pigeon peas, mung beans, and kidney beans. The country’s agro-climatic diversity, coupled with vast cultivation areas, makes it a powerhouse in global pulse exports.
In recent years, the demand for Indian lentils and pulses in the Middle East has skyrocketed. Nations like the UAE, Saudi Arabia, Oman, and Qatar heavily rely on Indian exports due to consistent quality, competitive pricing, and strong trade relationships. As global health trends shift towards plant-based diets, the demand for protein-rich pulses continues to expand, positioning Indian exporters for exceptional growth in 2025 and beyond.
Why India is a Leading Producer of Lentils & Pulses
India produces over 25% of the world’s pulses, thanks to favorable soil conditions, monsoon-dependent agriculture, and government support programs like the National Food Security Mission. The major pulse-producing states include Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Maharashtra, and Uttar Pradesh.
Moreover, Indian lentils are known for their high nutritional value, non-GMO cultivation methods, and strict quality control — all factors that enhance their global reputation. Exporters can leverage this advantage when entering demanding markets like the Middle East, where quality and trust are key.
Global Demand for Pulses and Its Growth in the Middle East
The Middle East imports millions of tons of pulses annually to meet local consumption needs. Rising health awareness, vegan diets, and the region’s limited agricultural land have created a stable demand for imports. The UAE and Saudi Arabia serve as major re-export hubs, distributing pulses to other GCC nations and Africa.
The shift toward clean-label and organic foods has also opened new opportunities for exporters dealing in organically certified lentils and pulses from India.
Understanding the Middle East Market for Pulses
The Middle East market is diverse yet interconnected, with GCC countries sharing similar culinary traditions and trade policies.
Key Importing Countries: UAE, Saudi Arabia, Oman, Qatar, and Kuwait
- UAE: The largest re-export hub for pulses in the region.
- Saudi Arabia: High domestic consumption with strong import channels.
- Oman & Qatar: Growing importers due to population expansion.
- Kuwait: A smaller but high-value market with strong quality standards.
These countries depend on India for consistent supply and competitive pricing.
Market Trends and Consumer Preferences
- Growing demand for split lentils (masoor dal) and chickpeas.
- Preference for clean, dust-free packaging.
- Increasing focus on organic, non-GMO certification.
- Interest in private-label and bulk supply contracts for supermarkets and wholesalers.
Challenges and Opportunities in the Middle East Pulses Market
Challenges:
- Strict quality and labeling requirements.
- Competition from Canada, Australia, and Turkey.
- Fluctuating freight costs and foreign exchange rates.
Opportunities:
- High dependence on Indian produce.
- Growing population and urbanization.
- Strategic location advantages for sea exports via Mumbai, Kandla, and Mundra ports.
Step-by-Step Process to Export Lentils & Pulses from India
Let’s break down the export process into actionable steps:
Step 1: Business Registration and Export License (IEC Code)
Before you begin, register your business as an exporter under the Directorate General of Foreign Trade (DGFT) and obtain an Import Export Code (IEC) — a mandatory identification for all international trade transactions.
Step 2: Selecting the Right Pulses and Target Markets
Identify which pulses are in demand in your target country. For example:
- UAE: Red lentils and chickpeas.
- Saudi Arabia: Masoor dal and pigeon peas.
- Oman: Green gram and urad dal.
(You can find trade data on APEDA’s official website.)
Step 3: Quality Standards and Packaging Requirements
Quality assurance is one of the most critical factors for a successful export business. Middle Eastern countries have strict import quality control systems, ensuring that only premium-grade products reach their markets.
To comply with these standards, exporters should:
- Adhere to APEDA (Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority) norms.
- Obtain FSSAI approval for domestic food safety compliance.
- Ensure the pulses are cleaned, polished, and graded.
- Follow Codex Alimentarius standards for moisture content, purity, and shelf life.
Packaging requirements:
- Use 25 kg or 50 kg polypropylene (PP) bags for bulk exports.
- Ensure air-tight, moisture-proof, and tamper-resistant packaging.
- Label the product in both English and Arabic, mentioning product name, net weight, origin (“Product of India”), and date of packing.
Step 4: Logistics, Shipping, and Documentation
The logistics process involves several key steps, from factory to destination port:
- Booking the container: Reserve cargo space with a reliable shipping line.
- Inland transport: Move goods from the processing unit to the port (via truck or rail).
- Customs clearance: Submit the shipping bill, packing list, and invoices to customs.
- Loading and shipment: Once cleared, goods are loaded and shipped to the buyer’s destination port.
Popular ports for pulse exports from India:
- Mundra Port (Gujarat)
- Nhava Sheva Port (Mumbai)
- Kandla Port
Destination ports in the Middle East:
- Jebel Ali Port (UAE)
- Dammam Port (Saudi Arabia)
- Sohar Port (Oman)
Step 5: Finding Buyers and Distributors in the Middle East
Finding reliable buyers is the backbone of a sustainable export business. You can identify potential buyers through:
- Online B2B platforms: Alibaba, Indiamart, TradeIndia, and Global Sources.
- Export Promotion Councils: Use APEDA’s Buyer-Seller Meet database.
- Middle East trade fairs: Participate in Gulfood Dubai, Saudi Food Expo, or Agrofood Oman.
Once you identify potential partners, focus on building long-term relationships by offering consistent quality, timely delivery, and transparent communication.
Export Documentation for Lentils & Pulses
Proper documentation ensures smooth customs clearance and timely payments.
Mandatory Export Documents
| Document Type | Purpose |
| Commercial Invoice | Details product, quantity, and price. |
| Packing List | Lists packaging details and weights. |
| Bill of Lading (B/L) | Shipping proof issued by the carrier. |
| Certificate of Origin | Declares the country of production. |
| Phytosanitary Certificate | Confirms the goods are pest-free. |
| Fumigation Certificate | Verifies treatment against pests. |
| Insurance Certificate | Covers loss/damage during transit. |
Customs and Quality Certification Requirements
The exporter must meet both Indian and Middle Eastern regulations. In India, ensure your shipment complies with:
- APEDA registration
- DGFT export policy
- Agmark certification (optional for premium markets)
In the Middle East, buyers often request:
- Halal certification for edible goods.
- Health certificates for consumable food products.
- Arabic labeling compliance for customs clearance.
Export Incentives and Schemes Offered by the Indian Government
The Government of India provides multiple benefits to promote agricultural exports:
- RoDTEP Scheme (Remission of Duties and Taxes on Exported Products)
- Transport and Marketing Assistance (TMA) for agricultural goods.
- Interest Equalization Scheme for low-cost export financing.
These incentives can reduce overall costs by up to 3–5%, improving your competitiveness.
Legal Regulations and Export Policies
Role of APEDA and DGFT in Pulse Exports
APEDA acts as the nodal agency for promoting agricultural exports. It provides guidelines for quality, certification, and export procedures.
Meanwhile, DGFT manages export-import policies, granting licenses and monitoring compliance with international trade laws.
Middle East Import Regulations and Tariffs
Most GCC nations have low or zero import duties on pulses. However, exporters must comply with local food safety standards.
For example:
- UAE: Enforces Emirates Authority for Standardization & Metrology (ESMA) standards.
- Saudi Arabia: Regulated by SFDA (Saudi Food and Drug Authority).
Packaging, Labeling, and Branding Strategies
Eco-friendly Packaging Trends
Sustainability is becoming a major selling point in the Middle East. Consider using:
- Recyclable PP or jute bags.
- Bulk packaging options for wholesalers.
- Vacuum-sealed bags to preserve freshness.
Arabic Labeling and Halal Certification
Arabic labeling is mandatory for GCC markets. Ensure every bag displays:
- Product name in Arabic.
- “Packed in India.”
- Expiry and manufacture dates.
- Halal mark (if applicable).
Obtaining Halal certification from recognized Indian bodies (like Jamiat Ulama Halal Trust) adds credibility and smoothens customs clearance.
Finding Reliable Buyers in the Middle East
Using B2B Platforms
Websites like Alibaba, Go4WorldBusiness, and TradeIndia allow you to post product listings and connect with importers directly.
Participating in Middle East Trade Fairs and Exhibitions
Attend major events like:
- Gulfood Dubai – World’s largest annual food trade show.
- Agrofood Saudi Arabia – Ideal for agricultural exporters.
These events help build relationships with high-volume distributors and supermarket chains.
Building Long-term Relationships with Distributors
Consistency, transparency, and communication are the keys. Offer samples, flexible payment terms, and volume-based discounts to strengthen ties.
Logistics and Shipping Routes
Major Indian Ports for Pulse Exports
- Mundra Port (Gujarat): Ideal for exports to Dubai and Oman.
- Nhava Sheva (Mumbai): Handles large volumes to Jebel Ali.
- Kolkata Port: Suitable for exports to the Gulf via transshipment.
Sea Freight vs Air Freight: Which is Better?
- Sea Freight: Cost-effective for bulk shipments.
- Air Freight: Faster but expensive, used for urgent or small consignments.
Pricing Strategy and Payment Terms
Setting Competitive Export Prices
Consider factors like production cost, freight, insurance, customs, and local taxes. Maintain a balance between profitability and buyer competitiveness.
Understanding INCOTERMS and Payment Methods
Popular INCOTERMS include FOB (Free on Board) and CIF (Cost, Insurance & Freight).
Preferred payment modes:
- Letter of Credit (LC)
- Advance Payment
- Document Against Payment (D/P)
Marketing and Promotion Tips for Exporters
Building a Professional Export Website
A credible website showcasing your certifications, export capacity, and contact details helps build trust.
Using Digital Marketing and SEO for B2B Visibility
Promote your products via LinkedIn, Google Ads, and SEO-optimized blogs. Share trade success stories and customer testimonials to establish credibility.
Case Study: Successful Indian Pulses Exporters
Companies like Mahavir Pulses Pvt. Ltd. and Bharat Agro Exports have successfully built strong relationships with GCC importers by maintaining consistent quality, transparency, and timely delivery.
Common Mistakes to Avoid in Pulse Exports
- Ignoring market research and buyer requirements.
- Poor packaging and delayed shipments.
- Incomplete documentation or missing certificates.
Future of India-Middle East Pulses Trade
With growing food security needs, the Middle East’s dependence on Indian pulses will continue to rise. Emerging trends like organic pulses, processed lentils, and eco-friendly packaging will define future trade directions.
FAQs on How to Export Lentils & Pulses from India to Middle East
Q1. What licenses are required to export pulses from India?
You need an Import Export Code (IEC) from DGFT and APEDA registration.
Q2. Which Middle Eastern countries import the most pulses from India?
The UAE, Saudi Arabia, Oman, and Qatar are the top importers.
Q3. What is the best port for pulse exports to the Middle East?
Mundra Port (Gujarat) and Nhava Sheva Port (Mumbai) are most commonly used.
Q4. Is Halal certification mandatory for pulses?
While not mandatory, Halal certification enhances credibility and facilitates customs clearance.
Q5. Can small businesses start pulse exports from India?
Yes! Many MSMEs begin with small container shipments through B2B buyers.
Q6. How can I find genuine buyers?
Use B2B platforms, APEDA databases, and attend Gulfood Dubai or similar trade fairs.
Conclusion: Building a Profitable Export Business
Exporting lentils and pulses from India to the Middle East is one of the most profitable and sustainable agricultural ventures in 2025. With strategic planning, adherence to quality standards, and consistent relationship-building, Indian exporters can unlock vast opportunities in the GCC markets.
By combining government incentives, digital marketing, and robust logistics, your business can establish a powerful global footprint — while contributing to India’s growing agricultural export economy. 🌾
